Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (he-ma-to-po-et-ic stem cell transplantation) is a medical procedure in which a patient's diseased or damaged bone marrow is replaced with healthy hematopoietic stem cells. These cells are capable of forming all types of blood cells in the body, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Etymology
The term "hematopoietic" is derived from the Greek words "haima" meaning "blood" and "poiesis" meaning "to make". The term "transplantation" comes from the Latin "trans" meaning "across" and "plantare" meaning "to plant". Thus, the term literally means "to plant across blood-making cells".
Procedure
The procedure begins with the collection of hematopoietic stem cells from a donor. These cells can be collected from the donor's bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. The collected cells are then processed and stored until they are ready to be transplanted into the patient.
Before the transplantation, the patient undergoes a treatment called conditioning regimen, which involves high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy the diseased or damaged bone marrow. After the conditioning regimen, the stored hematopoietic stem cells are infused into the patient's bloodstream through a central venous catheter. The transplanted cells then travel to the bone marrow, where they begin to produce new blood cells.
Types of Transplantation
There are two main types of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: autologous transplantation and allogeneic transplantation. In autologous transplantation, the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells are collected, stored, and later returned to the patient. In allogeneic transplantation, the hematopoietic stem cells come from a donor.
Risks and Complications
Like any medical procedure, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation carries risks and potential complications. These may include graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection, bleeding, and organ damage. The risk of complications can be influenced by several factors, including the patient's overall health, the type of transplantation, and the conditioning regimen used.
See Also
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Stem Cell Therapy
- Graft-versus-Host Disease
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- Wikipedia's article - Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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