Alkalosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Alkalosis | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]], [[Pulmonology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Confusion]], [[hand tremor]], [[light-headedness]], [[muscle twitching]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]] | |||
| complications = [[Seizures]], [[coma]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = [[Respiratory alkalosis]], [[Metabolic alkalosis]] | |||
| causes = [[Hyperventilation]], [[vomiting]], [[diuretics]], [[antacid]] overuse | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Arterial blood gas]], [[serum electrolytes]] | |||
| differential = [[Acidosis]], [[hypokalemia]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = Addressing underlying cause, [[electrolyte]] replacement | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
'''Alkalosis''' is a condition characterized by a higher than normal pH level in the blood and other body tissues, indicating an excess of [[alkali]] (base) in the body. This condition can disrupt normal bodily functions and can be classified into different types based on its underlying cause. | '''Alkalosis''' is a condition characterized by a higher than normal pH level in the blood and other body tissues, indicating an excess of [[alkali]] (base) in the body. This condition can disrupt normal bodily functions and can be classified into different types based on its underlying cause. | ||
==Types of Alkalosis== | ==Types of Alkalosis== | ||
Alkalosis can be broadly categorized into two main types: | Alkalosis can be broadly categorized into two main types: | ||
===Respiratory Alkalosis=== | ===Respiratory Alkalosis=== | ||
[[Respiratory alkalosis]] occurs when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, usually due to hyperventilation. This can be caused by various factors, including: | [[Respiratory alkalosis]] occurs when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, usually due to hyperventilation. This can be caused by various factors, including: | ||
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* [[Pulmonary embolism]] | * [[Pulmonary embolism]] | ||
* [[Sepsis]] | * [[Sepsis]] | ||
===Metabolic Alkalosis=== | ===Metabolic Alkalosis=== | ||
[[Metabolic alkalosis]] is caused by an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+). Common causes include: | [[Metabolic alkalosis]] is caused by an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+). Common causes include: | ||
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* [[Hyperaldosteronism]] | * [[Hyperaldosteronism]] | ||
* Excessive intake of [[antacids]] | * Excessive intake of [[antacids]] | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of alkalosis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include: | The symptoms of alkalosis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include: | ||
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* [[Confusion]] | * [[Confusion]] | ||
* [[Seizures]] | * [[Seizures]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of alkalosis typically involves: | The diagnosis of alkalosis typically involves: | ||
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* [[Electrolyte]] panel to check levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride | * [[Electrolyte]] panel to check levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride | ||
* [[Urine pH]] and electrolyte measurements | * [[Urine pH]] and electrolyte measurements | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of alkalosis depends on the underlying cause: | Treatment of alkalosis depends on the underlying cause: | ||
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* Administering acidifying agents like ammonium chloride or hydrochloric acid in severe cases | * Administering acidifying agents like ammonium chloride or hydrochloric acid in severe cases | ||
* Addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing diuretics or treating vomiting | * Addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing diuretics or treating vomiting | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures for alkalosis include: | Preventive measures for alkalosis include: | ||
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* Avoiding excessive use of antacids and diuretics | * Avoiding excessive use of antacids and diuretics | ||
* Ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte balance | * Ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte balance | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Acidosis]] | * [[Acidosis]] | ||
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* [[Electrolyte imbalance]] | * [[Electrolyte imbalance]] | ||
* [[Hyperventilation]] | * [[Hyperventilation]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{Commons category|Alkalosis}} | {{Commons category|Alkalosis}} | ||
[[Category:Acid-base disturbances]] | [[Category:Acid-base disturbances]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
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[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | |||
Latest revision as of 02:09, 4 April 2025
| Alkalosis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Confusion, hand tremor, light-headedness, muscle twitching, nausea, vomiting |
| Complications | Seizures, coma |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | Respiratory alkalosis, Metabolic alkalosis |
| Causes | Hyperventilation, vomiting, diuretics, antacid overuse |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Arterial blood gas, serum electrolytes |
| Differential diagnosis | Acidosis, hypokalemia |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Addressing underlying cause, electrolyte replacement |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
Alkalosis is a condition characterized by a higher than normal pH level in the blood and other body tissues, indicating an excess of alkali (base) in the body. This condition can disrupt normal bodily functions and can be classified into different types based on its underlying cause.
Types of Alkalosis[edit]
Alkalosis can be broadly categorized into two main types:
Respiratory Alkalosis[edit]
Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, usually due to hyperventilation. This can be caused by various factors, including:
Metabolic Alkalosis[edit]
Metabolic alkalosis is caused by an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+). Common causes include:
- Vomiting
- Diuretic use
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive intake of antacids
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of alkalosis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include:
- Muscle twitching
- Hand tremor
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Light-headedness
- Numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet
- Confusion
- Seizures
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of alkalosis typically involves:
- Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis to measure pH, CO2, and bicarbonate levels
- Electrolyte panel to check levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride
- Urine pH and electrolyte measurements
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of alkalosis depends on the underlying cause:
- For respiratory alkalosis, addressing the cause of hyperventilation is crucial. This may involve breathing into a paper bag, treating anxiety, or managing fever.
- For metabolic alkalosis, treatment may include:
* Replenishing electrolytes, particularly potassium and chloride * Administering acidifying agents like ammonium chloride or hydrochloric acid in severe cases * Addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing diuretics or treating vomiting
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for alkalosis include:
- Proper management of underlying conditions such as anxiety, respiratory disorders, and electrolyte imbalances
- Avoiding excessive use of antacids and diuretics
- Ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte balance
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
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External Links[edit]
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