Lupus anticoagulant: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A type of antibody associated with increased risk of thrombosis}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition (new) | {{Infobox medical condition (new) | ||
| name = Lupus anticoagulant | | name = Lupus anticoagulant | ||
| field = [[Hematology]], [[Immunology]] | |||
| field = | |||
| synonyms = Lupus antibody, LA, LAC, lupus inhibitors | | synonyms = Lupus antibody, LA, LAC, lupus inhibitors | ||
| symptoms = | | symptoms = [[Thrombosis]], [[recurrent miscarriage]], prolonged [[activated partial thromboplastin time]] (aPTT) | ||
| complications = | | complications = [[Deep vein thrombosis]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[stroke]], [[pregnancy loss]] | ||
| onset = | | onset = Variable (often detected during clotting evaluation) | ||
| duration = | | duration = Can be transient or persistent | ||
| types = | | types = Associated with [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]] | ||
| causes = | | causes = Autoantibodies targeting phospholipid-binding proteins (e.g., β2-glycoprotein I) | ||
| risks = | | risks = [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE), [[HIV]], [[hepatitis C]], certain medications | ||
| diagnosis = | | diagnosis = Positive testing on at least two occasions, 12 weeks apart; includes dRVVT, aPTT, and LA-sensitive assays | ||
| differential = | | differential = Other causes of thrombosis, [[protein C deficiency]], [[antithrombin III deficiency]], [[factor V Leiden]] | ||
| prevention = | | prevention = Risk management for thrombosis in high-risk individuals | ||
| treatment = | | treatment = Anticoagulation therapy | ||
| medication = | | medication = [[Warfarin]], [[heparin]], [[low-molecular-weight heparin]] | ||
| prognosis = | | prognosis = Variable; higher risk of complications with antiphospholipid syndrome | ||
| frequency = | | frequency = Present in ~1–5% of general population; higher in autoimmune diseases | ||
| deaths = | | deaths = Related to thrombotic complications if untreated | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Lupus anticoagulant''' is an [[ | '''Lupus anticoagulant''' is an [[autoantibody]] associated with an increased risk of [[thrombosis]], or blood clot formation. Despite its name, lupus anticoagulant is not related to [[lupus erythematosus]] and does not cause bleeding. Instead, it interferes with the normal clotting process, leading to a paradoxical increase in clotting risk. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Lupus anticoagulant is a type of [[antiphospholipid antibody]] that targets [[phospholipids]] and [[phospholipid-binding proteins]] in the cell membrane. These antibodies interfere with the coagulation cascade, particularly affecting the [[prothrombin]] and [[activated partial thromboplastin time]] (aPTT) tests, which are used to assess blood clotting. The presence of lupus anticoagulant prolongs these clotting times in vitro, but in vivo, it predisposes individuals to thrombosis. | |||
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==Clinical Significance== | |||
Lupus anticoagulant is a key component of the [[antiphospholipid syndrome]] (APS), a disorder characterized by recurrent [[venous]] or [[arterial thrombosis]] and [[pregnancy complications]] such as [[recurrent miscarriage]]. Patients with lupus anticoagulant may experience [[deep vein thrombosis]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[stroke]], or other thrombotic events. | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
The diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant involves a series of blood tests. Initial screening includes the [[activated partial thromboplastin time]] (aPTT) and the [[dilute Russell's viper venom time]] (dRVVT). If these tests are prolonged, further confirmatory tests are performed, such as mixing studies and phospholipid neutralization procedures, to confirm the presence of lupus anticoagulant. | |||
== | ==Management== | ||
Management of patients with lupus anticoagulant focuses on reducing the risk of thrombosis. This often involves the use of [[anticoagulant]] medications such as [[warfarin]] or [[heparin]]. In patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, long-term anticoagulation may be necessary. During pregnancy, low-dose [[aspirin]] and [[heparin]] are commonly used to prevent complications. | |||
==Related pages== | |||
* [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]] | |||
* [[Thrombosis]] | |||
* [[Autoantibody]] | |||
* [[Coagulation]] | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Autoantibodies}} | {{Autoantibodies}} | ||
{{stub}} | |||
[[Category:Coagulation system]] | |||
[[Category:Hematology]] | |||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Coagulation system]] | [[Category:Coagulation system]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:45, 24 March 2025
A type of antibody associated with increased risk of thrombosis
| Lupus anticoagulant | |
|---|---|
| [[File:|250px|alt=|]] | |
| Synonyms | Lupus antibody, LA, LAC, lupus inhibitors |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Field | Hematology, Immunology |
| Symptoms | Thrombosis, recurrent miscarriage, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) |
| Complications | Deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, pregnancy loss |
| Onset | Variable (often detected during clotting evaluation) |
| Duration | Can be transient or persistent |
| Types | Associated with Antiphospholipid syndrome |
| Causes | Autoantibodies targeting phospholipid-binding proteins (e.g., β2-glycoprotein I) |
| Risks | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), HIV, hepatitis C, certain medications |
| Diagnosis | Positive testing on at least two occasions, 12 weeks apart; includes dRVVT, aPTT, and LA-sensitive assays |
| Differential diagnosis | Other causes of thrombosis, protein C deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, factor V Leiden |
| Prevention | Risk management for thrombosis in high-risk individuals |
| Treatment | Anticoagulation therapy |
| Medication | Warfarin, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin |
| Prognosis | Variable; higher risk of complications with antiphospholipid syndrome |
| Frequency | Present in ~1–5% of general population; higher in autoimmune diseases |
| Deaths | Related to thrombotic complications if untreated |
Lupus anticoagulant is an autoantibody associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, or blood clot formation. Despite its name, lupus anticoagulant is not related to lupus erythematosus and does not cause bleeding. Instead, it interferes with the normal clotting process, leading to a paradoxical increase in clotting risk.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Lupus anticoagulant is a type of antiphospholipid antibody that targets phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins in the cell membrane. These antibodies interfere with the coagulation cascade, particularly affecting the prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests, which are used to assess blood clotting. The presence of lupus anticoagulant prolongs these clotting times in vitro, but in vivo, it predisposes individuals to thrombosis.
Clinical Significance[edit]
Lupus anticoagulant is a key component of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a disorder characterized by recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy complications such as recurrent miscarriage. Patients with lupus anticoagulant may experience deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, or other thrombotic events.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant involves a series of blood tests. Initial screening includes the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT). If these tests are prolonged, further confirmatory tests are performed, such as mixing studies and phospholipid neutralization procedures, to confirm the presence of lupus anticoagulant.
Management[edit]
Management of patients with lupus anticoagulant focuses on reducing the risk of thrombosis. This often involves the use of anticoagulant medications such as warfarin or heparin. In patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, long-term anticoagulation may be necessary. During pregnancy, low-dose aspirin and heparin are commonly used to prevent complications.
Related pages[edit]
External links[edit]
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