Valnemulin: Difference between revisions

Valnemulin
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Latest revision as of 01:21, 20 February 2025

An antibiotic used in veterinary medicine

Valnemulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic used primarily in veterinary medicine. It is effective against a range of Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, making it useful in the treatment of various bacterial infections in animals.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Valnemulin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby preventing the formation of essential proteins required for bacterial growth and replication. This action is similar to other pleuromutilin antibiotics, such as tiamulin and retapamulin.

Uses in Veterinary Medicine[edit]

Valnemulin is primarily used in the treatment of swine and poultry diseases. It is effective against pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Lawsonia intracellularis, and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which are responsible for conditions like swine dysentery and enzootic pneumonia.

Swine[edit]

In swine, valnemulin is used to control and treat swine dysentery, a severe diarrheal disease caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. It is also used to manage enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

Poultry[edit]

In poultry, valnemulin is used to treat mycoplasmosis, a respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. These infections can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased productivity and increased mortality.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Valnemulin is administered orally, and its absorption can be influenced by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Once absorbed, it is distributed throughout the body and reaches effective concentrations in the target tissues. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily via the bile and feces.

Safety and Side Effects[edit]

Valnemulin is generally well-tolerated in animals when used at recommended doses. However, overdosing can lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances and hepatic dysfunction. It is important to adhere to withdrawal periods to ensure that residues do not remain in animal products intended for human consumption.

Regulatory Status[edit]

Valnemulin is approved for use in veterinary medicine in several countries. Its use is regulated to ensure that it is administered safely and effectively, with appropriate measures in place to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Related Pages[edit]

Valnemulin

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-'''Valnemulin''' is an [[antibiotic]] that belongs to the [[pleuromutilin]] class of antibiotics. It is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat [[swine dysentery]] and [[ileitis]], diseases caused by [[bacteria]] in pigs.
+{{Short description|An antibiotic used in veterinary medicine}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Valnemulin.svg
+| image_size = 200px
+| image_alt = Structural formula of Valnemulin
+}}
-==Etymology==
+'''Valnemulin''' is a [[pleuromutilin]] [[antibiotic]] used primarily in [[veterinary medicine]]. It is effective against a range of [[Gram-positive bacteria|Gram-positive]] and some [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative]] bacteria, making it useful in the treatment of various [[bacterial infections]] in animals.
-The term "Valnemulin" is derived from the class of antibiotics it belongs to, pleuromutilin, and the specific chemical structure of the compound. The "val" prefix is likely a reference to the valeric acid component of the molecule, while "nemulin" is a derivative of pleuromutilin.
-==Usage==
+==Mechanism of Action==
-Valnemulin is used in the treatment of swine dysentery and ileitis, both of which are bacterial infections in pigs. Swine dysentery, caused by ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]'', is a severe, contagious disease that affects the large intestine of pigs, causing severe diarrhea and weight loss. Ileitis, also known as porcine proliferative enteropathy, is caused by ''[[Lawsonia intracellularis]]'' and affects the small intestine, causing diarrhea, reduced growth rate, and in severe cases, death.
+Valnemulin works by inhibiting bacterial [[protein synthesis]]. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial [[ribosome]], thereby preventing the formation of essential proteins required for bacterial growth and replication. This action is similar to other pleuromutilin antibiotics, such as [[tiamulin]] and [[retapamulin]].
-Valnemulin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins, which are essential for the bacteria's growth and reproduction. This makes it an effective treatment for bacterial infections.
+==Uses in Veterinary Medicine==
+Valnemulin is primarily used in the treatment of [[swine]] and [[poultry]] diseases. It is effective against pathogens such as ''[[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]]'', ''[[Lawsonia intracellularis]]'', and ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]'', which are responsible for conditions like [[swine dysentery]] and [[enzootic pneumonia]].
-==Side Effects==
+===Swine===
-As with all antibiotics, use of valnemulin can lead to the development of [[antibiotic resistance]] in bacteria. This is a major concern in both human and veterinary medicine, as it can make infections more difficult to treat. Other potential side effects include digestive disturbances, such as diarrhea and loss of appetite.
+In swine, valnemulin is used to control and treat [[swine dysentery]], a severe diarrheal disease caused by ''Brachyspira hyodysenteriae''. It is also used to manage [[enzootic pneumonia]], a chronic respiratory disease caused by ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''.
-==Related Terms==
+===Poultry===
+In poultry, valnemulin is used to treat [[mycoplasmosis]], a respiratory disease caused by ''[[Mycoplasma gallisepticum]]'' and ''[[Mycoplasma synoviae]]''. These infections can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased productivity and increased mortality.
+==Pharmacokinetics==
+Valnemulin is administered orally, and its absorption can be influenced by the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Once absorbed, it is distributed throughout the body and reaches effective concentrations in the target tissues. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily via the bile and feces.
+==Safety and Side Effects==
+Valnemulin is generally well-tolerated in animals when used at recommended doses. However, overdosing can lead to adverse effects such as [[gastrointestinal disturbances]] and [[hepatic dysfunction]]. It is important to adhere to withdrawal periods to ensure that residues do not remain in animal products intended for human consumption.
+==Regulatory Status==
+Valnemulin is approved for use in veterinary medicine in several countries. Its use is regulated to ensure that it is administered safely and effectively, with appropriate measures in place to prevent the development of [[antimicrobial resistance]].
+==Related Pages==
+* [[Pleuromutilin]]
 * [[Antibiotic]]
-* [[Pleuromutilin]]
 * [[Swine dysentery]]
-* [[Ileitis]]
+* [[Enzootic pneumonia]]
-* [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]
-* [[Lawsonia intracellularis]]
-* [[Antibiotic resistance]]
-==References==
-<references />
 [[Category:Antibiotics]]
 [[Category:Veterinary drugs]]
-[[Category:Pleuromutilins]]
+<gallery>
+File:Valnemulin.svg|Valnemulin
-{{stub}}
+</gallery>