Pleuromutilin

Pleuromutilin is a class of antibiotics derived from the fungus Pleurotus mutilus. These antibiotics are used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Pleuromutilin antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins, which are essential for the bacteria's survival.

History

Pleuromutilin was first isolated in 1951 from the fungus Pleurotus mutilus. Since then, several derivatives have been developed for medical use, including retapamulin, lefamulin, and tiamulin.

Medical Uses

Pleuromutilin antibiotics are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. They are particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecium. Some pleuromutilin antibiotics, such as lefamulin, are also effective against certain Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action

Pleuromutilin antibiotics work by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis. This prevents the bacteria from growing and reproducing, effectively killing them.

Side Effects

Like all antibiotics, pleuromutilin can cause side effects. These may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions may occur.

Resistance

Bacterial resistance to pleuromutilin antibiotics is a growing concern. Resistance can occur when bacteria mutate or acquire resistance genes, allowing them to survive in the presence of the antibiotic.

See Also

• Antibiotic resistance
• Protein synthesis inhibitors
• Gram-positive bacteria

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  Proposed cyclisation mechanism of Pleuromutilin