Entorhinal cortex

Entorhinal Cortex

The Entorhinal Cortex is an area of the brain located in the medial temporal lobe and functions as a hub in a widespread network for memory and navigation. The entorhinal cortex is noted for its distinctive role in memory and navigation.

Anatomy

The entorhinal cortex is located in the temporal lobe and is often divided into two areas based on the type of neurons that are present. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) have different functions because they connect to different areas of the brain.

Function

The entorhinal cortex plays a crucial role in memory formation and spatial navigation. It is one of the first regions to be affected by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Memory

The entorhinal cortex is a significant gateway for information going into and out of the hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory consolidation. The entorhinal cortex-hippocampus system plays a substantial role in declarative memory (memories which can be consciously recalled).

Navigation

The entorhinal cortex is also essential for spatial navigation. The medial entorhinal cortex is especially important in this regard, as it contains "grid cells." These grid cells are neurons that have a specific pattern of activity when an animal is navigating through space.

Clinical significance

The entorhinal cortex is one of the first areas to be affected in Alzheimer's disease, which leads to the memory loss and disorientation associated with the disease.

See also

• Grid cell
• Memory
• Alzheimer's disease
• Hippocampus
• Temporal lobe

References

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Entorhinal_cortex

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  Brodmann area of the entorhinal cortex
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  Medial surface of cerebral cortex highlighting the entorhinal cortex
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  Cortical thickness in the entorhinal region
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  Entorhinal cortex as shown in the DK Atlas