Demecarium bromide: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:06, 15 February 2025

A medication used in the treatment of glaucoma and other eye conditions

Demecarium bromide[edit]

Demecarium bromide is a cholinesterase inhibitor used primarily in the management of glaucoma and other ocular conditions. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to increased levels of acetylcholine in the eye. This results in prolonged miosis and reduced intraocular pressure.

Mechanism of action[edit]

Demecarium bromide functions by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in the contraction of the ciliary muscle of the eye. By preventing the degradation of acetylcholine, demecarium bromide enhances the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Clinical uses[edit]

Demecarium bromide is primarily indicated for the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. It is also used in the management of accommodative esotropia, a condition where the eyes turn inward due to excessive accommodation. The drug is administered as an ophthalmic solution, typically in concentrations ranging from 0.125% to 0.25%.

Side effects[edit]

Common side effects of demecarium bromide include ocular irritation, conjunctival hyperemia, and lacrimation. Prolonged use may lead to cataract formation and retinal detachment. Systemic absorption can result in cholinergic crisis, characterized by symptoms such as bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory depression.

Contraindications[edit]

Demecarium bromide is contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, iritis, or uveitis. It should be used with caution in individuals with a history of asthma, epilepsy, or cardiovascular disease.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Demecarium bromide''' is a [[pharmacological]] agent used primarily in the treatment of [[glaucoma]]. It belongs to the class of [[medications]] known as [[cholinergic agonists]], which work by increasing the outflow of [[aqueous humor]] from the [[eye]], thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
+{{Short description|A medication used in the treatment of glaucoma and other eye conditions}}
-==Pharmacology==
+==Demecarium bromide==
-Demecarium bromide is a [[cholinesterase inhibitor]], which means it prevents the breakdown of [[acetylcholine]], a neurotransmitter that transmits signals in the nervous system. By inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, demecarium bromide increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate the [[muscarinic receptors]] in the eye. This stimulation causes the [[ciliary muscle]] to contract, which opens the [[trabecular meshwork]] and allows the aqueous humor to drain out of the eye.
+[[File:Demecarium_bromide.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Demecarium bromide]]
+'''Demecarium bromide''' is a [[cholinesterase inhibitor]] used primarily in the management of [[glaucoma]] and other ocular conditions. It is a [[quaternary ammonium compound]] that acts by inhibiting the enzyme [[acetylcholinesterase]], leading to increased levels of [[acetylcholine]] in the eye. This results in prolonged [[miosis]] and reduced [[intraocular pressure]].
-==Clinical Use==
+==Mechanism of action==
-Demecarium bromide is used in the treatment of glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to damage to the [[optic nerve]] and loss of vision. It is typically used when other treatments have not been effective. Demecarium bromide is administered as eye drops.
+Demecarium bromide functions by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in the contraction of the [[ciliary muscle]] of the eye. By preventing the degradation of acetylcholine, demecarium bromide enhances the outflow of [[aqueous humor]] through the [[trabecular meshwork]], thereby lowering intraocular pressure. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in the treatment of [[open-angle glaucoma]].
-==Side Effects==
+==Clinical uses==
-Like all medications, demecarium bromide can cause side effects. These may include eye irritation, blurred vision, and changes in vision. In rare cases, systemic side effects such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and excessive salivation may occur.
+Demecarium bromide is primarily indicated for the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. It is also used in the management of accommodative esotropia, a condition where the eyes turn inward due to excessive accommodation. The drug is administered as an ophthalmic solution, typically in concentrations ranging from 0.125% to 0.25%.
-==See Also==
+==Side effects==
+Common side effects of demecarium bromide include [[ocular irritation]], [[conjunctival hyperemia]], and [[lacrimation]]. Prolonged use may lead to [[cataract]] formation and [[retinal detachment]]. Systemic absorption can result in [[cholinergic crisis]], characterized by symptoms such as [[bradycardia]], [[hypotension]], and [[respiratory depression]].
+==Contraindications==
+Demecarium bromide is contraindicated in patients with [[narrow-angle glaucoma]], [[iritis]], or [[uveitis]]. It should be used with caution in individuals with a history of [[asthma]], [[epilepsy]], or [[cardiovascular disease]].
+==Related pages==
 * [[Glaucoma]]
-* [[Cholinergic agonists]]
+* [[Cholinesterase inhibitor]]
-* [[Cholinesterase inhibitors]]
 * [[Acetylcholine]]
-* [[Muscarinic receptors]]
+* [[Ophthalmology]]
-* [[Ciliary muscle]]
-* [[Trabecular meshwork]]
-* [[Optic nerve]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
-[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Ophthalmology]]
-{{pharma-stub}}
+[[Category:Cholinesterase inhibitors]]
-{{medicine-stub}}
-{{eye-stub}}