Thiolysis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Overview of thiolysis in fatty acid metabolism}} | |||
== | ==Thiolysis== | ||
[[File:FattyAcid-MB-Thiolysis.png|thumb|right|Diagram of thiolysis in fatty acid metabolism]] | |||
Thiolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the cleavage of a compound by the addition of a thiol. In the context of [[fatty acid metabolism]], thiolysis is a crucial step in the process of [[beta-oxidation]], where it facilitates the breakdown of [[fatty acids]] into [[acetyl-CoA]] units. | |||
==Mechanism of Thiolysis== | |||
During the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, thiolysis occurs in the final step of each cycle. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is [[thiolase]], which catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-ketoacyl-CoA by a molecule of [[coenzyme A]] (CoA-SH). This reaction results in the formation of an acetyl-CoA molecule and a fatty acyl-CoA that is two carbon atoms shorter than the original molecule. | |||
== | ===Steps of Thiolysis=== | ||
1. '''Activation of Fatty Acids''': Before thiolysis can occur, fatty acids must be activated to form fatty acyl-CoA. This activation is catalyzed by [[acyl-CoA synthetase]]. | |||
2. '''Beta-Oxidation Cycle''': The activated fatty acyl-CoA undergoes a series of reactions, including dehydrogenation, hydration, and oxidation, to form beta-ketoacyl-CoA. | |||
3. '''Thiolysis Reaction''': The beta-ketoacyl-CoA is cleaved by thiolase in the presence of CoA-SH, producing acetyl-CoA and a shortened fatty acyl-CoA. | |||
Thiolysis | ==Role in Metabolism== | ||
Thiolysis is essential for the complete oxidation of fatty acids, which are a major source of energy for the body. The acetyl-CoA produced during thiolysis enters the [[citric acid cycle]] (also known as the Krebs cycle), where it is further oxidized to produce [[ATP]], the energy currency of the cell. | |||
==Clinical Significance== | |||
Defects in the enzymes involved in thiolysis, such as thiolase deficiency, can lead to metabolic disorders. These disorders can result in the accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, leading to symptoms such as hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, and liver dysfunction. | |||
== Clinical Significance == | |||
==Related pages== | |||
* [[Beta-oxidation]] | * [[Beta-oxidation]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Fatty acid metabolism]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Acetyl-CoA]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Citric acid cycle]] | ||
[[Category:Metabolism]] | |||
[[Category:Biochemistry]] | [[Category:Biochemistry]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:50, 15 February 2025
Overview of thiolysis in fatty acid metabolism
Thiolysis[edit]
Thiolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the cleavage of a compound by the addition of a thiol. In the context of fatty acid metabolism, thiolysis is a crucial step in the process of beta-oxidation, where it facilitates the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.
Mechanism of Thiolysis[edit]
During the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, thiolysis occurs in the final step of each cycle. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is thiolase, which catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-ketoacyl-CoA by a molecule of coenzyme A (CoA-SH). This reaction results in the formation of an acetyl-CoA molecule and a fatty acyl-CoA that is two carbon atoms shorter than the original molecule.
Steps of Thiolysis[edit]
1. Activation of Fatty Acids: Before thiolysis can occur, fatty acids must be activated to form fatty acyl-CoA. This activation is catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. 2. Beta-Oxidation Cycle: The activated fatty acyl-CoA undergoes a series of reactions, including dehydrogenation, hydration, and oxidation, to form beta-ketoacyl-CoA. 3. Thiolysis Reaction: The beta-ketoacyl-CoA is cleaved by thiolase in the presence of CoA-SH, producing acetyl-CoA and a shortened fatty acyl-CoA.
Role in Metabolism[edit]
Thiolysis is essential for the complete oxidation of fatty acids, which are a major source of energy for the body. The acetyl-CoA produced during thiolysis enters the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), where it is further oxidized to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Clinical Significance[edit]
Defects in the enzymes involved in thiolysis, such as thiolase deficiency, can lead to metabolic disorders. These disorders can result in the accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, leading to symptoms such as hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, and liver dysfunction.
