Thiolysis

Overview of thiolysis in fatty acid metabolism

Thiolysis

Diagram of thiolysis in fatty acid metabolism

Thiolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the cleavage of a compound by the addition of a thiol. In the context of fatty acid metabolism, thiolysis is a crucial step in the process of beta-oxidation, where it facilitates the breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.

Mechanism of Thiolysis

During the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, thiolysis occurs in the final step of each cycle. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is thiolase, which catalyzes the cleavage of the beta-ketoacyl-CoA by a molecule of coenzyme A (CoA-SH). This reaction results in the formation of an acetyl-CoA molecule and a fatty acyl-CoA that is two carbon atoms shorter than the original molecule.

Steps of Thiolysis

1. Activation of Fatty Acids: Before thiolysis can occur, fatty acids must be activated to form fatty acyl-CoA. This activation is catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. 2. Beta-Oxidation Cycle: The activated fatty acyl-CoA undergoes a series of reactions, including dehydrogenation, hydration, and oxidation, to form beta-ketoacyl-CoA. 3. Thiolysis Reaction: The beta-ketoacyl-CoA is cleaved by thiolase in the presence of CoA-SH, producing acetyl-CoA and a shortened fatty acyl-CoA.

Role in Metabolism

Thiolysis is essential for the complete oxidation of fatty acids, which are a major source of energy for the body. The acetyl-CoA produced during thiolysis enters the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), where it is further oxidized to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Clinical Significance

Defects in the enzymes involved in thiolysis, such as thiolase deficiency, can lead to metabolic disorders. These disorders can result in the accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, leading to symptoms such as hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, and liver dysfunction.

Related pages

• Beta-oxidation
• Fatty acid metabolism
• Acetyl-CoA
• Citric acid cycle