Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (pronunciation: suh-buh-RAK-noyd HEM-uh-rij) is a serious, life-threatening type of stroke caused by bleeding into the space surrounding the brain. This space is called the subarachnoid space.
Etymology
The term "subarachnoid hemorrhage" is derived from the Latin sub (under), arachnoid (resembling a spider's web), and hemorrhage (bleeding). It refers to bleeding that occurs under the arachnoid mater, one of the three meninges or layers that cover the brain.
Causes
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is most often caused by a brain aneurysm that bursts. This causes blood to leak into the space between the brain and the skull. Other causes can include arteriovenous malformation (AVM), head injury, and blood thinners.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include a sudden, severe headache, often described as the "worst headache" ever experienced. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, seizure, and loss of consciousness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a subarachnoid hemorrhage is typically made through a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head. If the CT scan is inconclusive, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed.
Treatment
Treatment for a subarachnoid hemorrhage aims to stop the bleeding, restore normal blood flow, and prevent vasospasm, a condition in which blood vessels spasm, leading to further brain damage. Treatment options can include surgery, endovascular coiling, and medications.
Prognosis
The prognosis for a subarachnoid hemorrhage depends on the extent of the bleeding, the patient's age and overall health, and how quickly treatment is received.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Wikipedia's article - Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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