Research ethics
Research Ethics
Research Ethics (pronunciation: /rɪˈsɜːrtʃ ˈɛθɪks/) refers to the application of fundamental ethical principles to a variety of topics involving scientific research. These include the design and implementation of research involving human experimentation, animal testing, various aspects of academic scandal, including scientific misconduct such as fraud, fabrication of data and plagiarism, and ethics of scientific publication.
The term "Research Ethics" can be traced back to the mid-20th century, with its roots in medical and scientific research. The etymology of the term "ethics" comes from the Greek word "ethikos", which means "arising from habit", while "research" is derived from the Old French "recercher", meaning "to seek out".
Principles of Research Ethics
There are several key principles that should be followed when conducting research. These include:
- Informed Consent: This principle requires that participants in research should be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.
- Risk/Benefit Analysis: This principle requires that the benefits of research must outweigh the risks to participants.
- Confidentiality: This principle requires that all data and information provided by participants must be kept confidential.
- Integrity: This principle requires that researchers should act with integrity and honesty.
Violations of Research Ethics
Violations of research ethics can have serious implications, including damage to individuals, institutions, and the scientific community. Some common violations include:
- Plagiarism: This is the act of using someone else's work or ideas without giving them proper credit.
- Fabrication: This involves making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
- Falsification: This involves manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results.
Related Terms
- Clinical Trials: These are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
- Human Subject Research: This is research that involves human beings as the subjects.
- Animal Testing: This is the use of non-human animals in experiments.
- Scientific Misconduct: This is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in professional scientific research.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Research ethics
- Wikipedia's article - Research ethics
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