Neurotrophic factors
Neurotrophic factors
Neurotrophic factors (pronunciation: /nʊərəʊ'trɒfɪk 'fæktəz/), also known as neurotrophins, are a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons. They belong to a class of growth factors, secreted proteins that can signal particular cells to survive, differentiate, or grow.
Etymology
The term "neurotrophic" is derived from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "trophe" meaning nourishment. Thus, neurotrophic factors can be understood as substances that provide nourishment to the neurons.
Types of Neurotrophic Factors
Neurotrophic factors are classified into four main types:
- Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
- Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)
- Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4)
Each of these factors plays a crucial role in the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons in the nervous system.
Function
Neurotrophic factors are essential for the growth and survival of neurons during development and for the maintenance of adult neurons. They also play a significant role in neuroplasticity, which is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
Clinical Significance
Alterations in the function of neurotrophic factors can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Therefore, understanding the biology of neurotrophic factors and developing ways to harness their actions have significant therapeutic potential.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neurotrophic factors
- Wikipedia's article - Neurotrophic factors
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