Gait abnormality
Gait Abnormality
Gait abnormality (pronounced: geyt ab-nor-mal-i-tee) is a deviation from normal walking (gait). Walking involves balance and coordination of muscles so that the body is propelled forward in a rhythm, called the stride. Any irregularity in this rhythm can be considered a gait abnormality.
Etymology
The term "gait" comes from the Old Norse word "gata" meaning road or path, while "abnormality" is derived from the Latin "abnormis" meaning departing from usual or normal.
Types of Gait Abnormality
There are several types of gait abnormalities, including:
- Hemiplegic gait: This is seen in people who have had a stroke. The person keeps their affected leg stiff and swings it around to move it forward.
- Spastic gait: This is a stiff, foot-dragging walk caused by a long muscle contraction on one side.
- Scissors gait: This is a type of spastic gait where the legs slightly cross in front of each other.
- Steppage gait: This is seen in foot drop conditions. The person raises their foot high to avoid dragging their toes on the ground.
- Waddling gait: This is seen in certain types of muscular dystrophy. The person walks with a swaying motion.
Causes
Gait abnormalities can be caused by a wide range of conditions, including:
- Neurological disorders: These include Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy.
- Musculoskeletal disorders: These include hip dysplasia and leg length discrepancies.
- Psychiatric disorders: These include depression and autism.
- Injuries: These include broken bones and sprains.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of gait abnormalities typically involves a physical examination and may include observing the individual walking. In some cases, imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan may be used.
Treatment
Treatment for gait abnormalities depends on the underlying cause. It may include physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
Related Terms
- Stride: The rhythm of walking.
- Foot drop: A condition that causes difficulty lifting the front part of the foot.
- Muscular dystrophy: A group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Gait abnormality
- Wikipedia's article - Gait abnormality
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