Amatoxin
Amatoxin
Amatoxin (/əˈmætəksɪn/) is a group of lethal toxins produced primarily by several species of the mushroom genus Amanita, notably Amanita phalloides, commonly known as the death cap.
Etymology
The term "Amatoxin" is derived from the genus name Amanita, from which these toxins were first isolated, and the suffix "-toxin", denoting its toxic nature.
Description
Amatoxins are a group of complex cyclic peptides, composed of eight amino acids. They inhibit the enzyme RNA polymerase II, which is essential for the synthesis of mRNA, tRNA, and snRNA. This inhibition disrupts the process of protein synthesis, leading to cell death.
Related Terms
- Amanita phalloides: A species of deadly poisonous mushroom, commonly known as the death cap, which produces amatoxins.
- Toxin: A harmful substance produced within living cells or organisms.
- RNA polymerase II: An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
- Protein synthesis: The process by which cells generate new proteins.
Symptoms and Treatment
Ingestion of amatoxins leads to severe liver and kidney damage, often resulting in fatal hepatotoxicity. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, typically occurring 6 to 24 hours after ingestion. Treatment involves supportive care, including hydration and correction of electrolyte imbalances, as well as the use of activated charcoal to bind the toxin in the stomach and prevent further absorption.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Amatoxin
- Wikipedia's article - Amatoxin
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