Vascular endothelial growth factor

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Vammin, a VEGF protein from snake venom

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. It is a part of the system that restores the oxygen supply to tissues when blood circulation is inadequate. VEGF is a sub-family of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor family of cystine-knot growth factors.

Function

VEGF plays a crucial role in both vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of the embryonic circulatory system) and angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature). It is a key regulator of endothelial cell function, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and survival.

Isoforms

Different isoforms of VEGF

VEGF exists in multiple isoforms, which are produced by alternative splicing of mRNA from a single, 8-exon VEGF gene. These isoforms have different properties and functions, influencing their ability to bind to receptors and extracellular matrix components.

Receptors

VEGF receptors

VEGF exerts its effects by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. The main receptors for VEGF are VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), and VEGFR-3. Each receptor has distinct roles in mediating the biological effects of VEGF.

Clinical Significance

VEGF is involved in both normal and pathological processes. It is essential for wound healing and the formation of new blood vessels after injury. However, overexpression of VEGF can lead to diseases such as cancer, where it promotes tumor growth and metastasis by increasing blood supply to the tumor. Anti-VEGF therapies are used in the treatment of various cancers and eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration.

Related Pages

• Angiogenesis
• Endothelial cell
• Growth factor
• Cancer