Utilitarian
Utilitarian
Utilitarian (pronounced: yoo-til-i-ter-ee-uh n) is a term that originates from the Latin word "utilitas", which means "usefulness". It is a philosophical concept that is often associated with ethics and morality.
Definition
In the context of medical ethics, utilitarianism is a doctrine that the morally correct action is the one that produces the most good or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. It is often contrasted with deontological ethics, which emphasizes duty and rules over outcomes.
History
The term "utilitarian" was first used by Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher and social reformer, in the late 18th century. Bentham proposed that actions should be judged based on their utility, or the amount of pleasure or happiness they could produce. This idea was later developed and refined by other philosophers such as John Stuart Mill.
Utilitarianism in Medicine
In medicine, utilitarian principles can be applied in various ways. For example, in public health, resources might be allocated in a way that benefits the most people, even if it means that some individuals receive less than others. This is often seen in situations where there is a limited supply of a certain treatment or vaccine.
Utilitarianism can also be used to justify certain medical procedures or treatments that might be considered controversial. For example, organ transplantation could be seen as a utilitarian act, as it involves sacrificing one life to save several others.
However, utilitarianism in medicine is not without its critics. Some argue that it can lead to unfair treatment of individuals and minorities, and that it fails to respect individual rights and autonomy.
Related Terms
- Consequentialism: A broader philosophical concept that includes utilitarianism. Consequentialism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its outcome.
- Bioethics: The study of ethical issues arising from advances in biology and medicine. Utilitarianism is often discussed in the context of bioethics.
- Healthcare allocation: The process of deciding how to distribute healthcare resources. This process often involves utilitarian considerations.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Utilitarian
- Wikipedia's article - Utilitarian
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