Trimethoprim/sulfadoxine

Trimethoprim/sulfadoxine is a combination medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a fixed-dose combination of two antibiotics: trimethoprim and sulfadoxine. This combination results in an antibiotic with an increased spectrum of action and restored efficacy against sulfadoxine-resistant bacteria.

Etymology

The name "trimethoprim/sulfadoxine" is derived from the names of its two component drugs. "Trimethoprim" is derived from the chemical name 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine. The name "sulfadoxine" is derived from the chemical name 4-amino-N-(5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide.

Pharmacology

Trimethoprim and sulfadoxine work together to block the production of folic acid in bacteria. Folic acid is necessary for bacteria to synthesize DNA, RNA, and proteins. By blocking its production, the growth of bacteria is inhibited.

Uses

Trimethoprim/sulfadoxine is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and ear infections. It is also used to prevent and treat Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems.

Side Effects

Common side effects of trimethoprim/sulfadoxine include nausea, vomiting, and skin rash. Serious side effects may include bone marrow suppression, liver problems, and severe allergic reactions.

Related Terms

• Antibiotic
• Bacteria
• Infection
• Pharmacology
• Folic acid

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