Tonic-clonic seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
A Tonic-clonic seizure (pronunciation: /ˈtɒnɪk ˈklɒnɪk ˈsiːʒər/), also known as a grand mal seizure, is a type of Generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. It is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness followed by stiffening of the body (tonic phase) and rapid, jerky movements (clonic phase).
Etymology
The term "tonic-clonic seizure" is derived from the Greek words "tonos" (meaning "tension" or "stretching") and "klonos" (meaning "agitation" or "turmoil"). This refers to the two distinct phases of the seizure: the tonic phase, where the body stiffens, and the clonic phase, where the body experiences rapid, jerky movements.
Symptoms
The symptoms of a tonic-clonic seizure can be divided into two phases:
- Tonic phase: This phase usually lasts about 10 to 20 seconds. The muscles become rigid and the person may fall down.
- Clonic phase: This phase usually lasts less than two minutes. The muscles contract and relax rapidly, causing convulsions.
Other symptoms may include loss of consciousness, biting of the tongue, and loss of bladder control.
Causes
Tonic-clonic seizures can be caused by various conditions that affect the brain, such as Epilepsy, Brain tumor, Stroke, and certain genetic disorders. They can also be triggered by certain factors, such as lack of sleep, stress, or alcohol withdrawal.
Treatment
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures typically involves the use of Anticonvulsant medications. In some cases, surgery or Vagus nerve stimulation may be recommended.
Related terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Tonic-clonic seizure
- Wikipedia's article - Tonic-clonic seizure
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