Thiazide

Thiazide is a type of molecule that is often used in medicine as a diuretic and antihypertensive. It is a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys. This results in a decrease in sodium reabsorption, leading to increased urine production and decreased fluid in the blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure.

History

Thiazides were first introduced in the 1950s as a treatment for hypertension. They have since become a first-line treatment for hypertension and are also used to treat edema associated with heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease.

Mechanism of action

Thiazides work by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys. This prevents the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, leading to increased urine production. The decrease in fluid in the blood vessels helps to lower blood pressure.

Side effects

Common side effects of thiazides include dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcemia. Less common side effects include gout, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia.

Examples

Examples of thiazides include hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, and bendroflumethiazide.

See also

• Diuretic
• Antihypertensive
• Hypertension
• Edema

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