Taxine alkaloids

Taxine alkaloids are a group of alkaloids that are found in the yew tree. They are highly toxic and have been used in the past for their poisonous properties.

Overview

Taxine alkaloids are a group of around 40 different alkaloids that are found in the yew tree. They are named after the genus Taxus, which is the Latin name for yew. The most well-known of these alkaloids is taxine B, which is the most toxic.

Structure and Properties

Taxine alkaloids are complex organic compounds that contain a number of different functional groups. They are characterized by a core structure that consists of a cyclohexane ring, a cycloheptane ring, and a cyclooctane ring. The different taxine alkaloids are distinguished by the various substituents that are attached to this core structure.

Toxicity

Taxine alkaloids are highly toxic. They work by blocking sodium channels in the heart, which disrupts the normal electrical activity and can lead to cardiac arrest. Symptoms of taxine poisoning include dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, and a slow or irregular heartbeat. In severe cases, it can be fatal.

Medical Use

Despite their toxicity, taxine alkaloids have been investigated for their potential use in medicine. They have been found to have anti-cancer properties, and are used in the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (also known as Taxol). However, their use is limited by their high toxicity and the difficulty of isolating them from the yew tree.

See Also

• Alkaloid
• Yew
• Taxus
• Taxine B
• Paclitaxel

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  Taxine A structure

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  Taxine B structure

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  Taxus baccata

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  Taxus baccata seed

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  3,5-Dimethoxyphenol structure

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  Taxine B structure