Talipes

Talipes (also known as clubfoot) is a congenital deformity involving one foot or both. The affected foot appears to have been rotated internally at the ankle. Without treatment, people with clubfoot often appear to walk on their ankles or on the sides of their feet. However, with treatment, the majority of patients recover completely during early childhood and are able to walk and participate in athletics.

Causes

The exact cause of clubfoot is unknown (idiopathic), but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some theories suggest that clubfoot is caused by a disruption in the development of the musculoskeletal system during fetal development.

Diagnosis

Clubfoot can be diagnosed through physical examination and ultrasound imaging. The deformity is typically apparent at birth, and the diagnosis can often be confirmed in the womb via ultrasound.

Treatment

Treatment for clubfoot usually begins shortly after birth and may include non-surgical methods such as stretching and casting (Ponseti method), or surgical methods if the non-surgical methods are unsuccessful. The goal of treatment is to improve the function and appearance of the foot before the child begins to walk, to prevent long-term disability.

Prognosis

With early treatment, most children with clubfoot are able to lead normal lives. They can walk, run, and play sports. However, the affected foot may be up to 1.5 cm shorter than the other foot, and the calf muscles in the affected leg may also be smaller.

See also

• Congenital disorders
• Foot diseases
• Orthopedic surgery