Superior mesenteric plexus

Superior Mesenteric Plexus

The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia (Superior mesenteric plexus labeled at center right)

The Superior Mesenteric Plexus is a part of the autonomic nervous system that provides innervation to the small intestine and parts of the large intestine. It is a network of nerves that originates from the superior mesenteric ganglion and extends along the superior mesenteric artery.

Anatomy

The superior mesenteric plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, the right side of the aorticorenal ganglion, and from the superior mesenteric ganglion. It is located in the mesentery, a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

Function

The superior mesenteric plexus carries both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The sympathetic nervous system fibers are derived from the thoracic spinal cord, specifically the ninth to the tenth thoracic segments. These fibers are responsible for inhibiting peristalsis and constricting blood vessels in the intestines. The parasympathetic nervous system fibers originate from the vagus nerve, and they stimulate peristalsis and secretion in the intestines.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the superior mesenteric plexus can lead to various gastrointestinal problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation. In addition, damage to the plexus can occur during abdominal surgeries, which can lead to postoperative complications.

See Also

• Celiac plexus
• Inferior mesenteric plexus
• Mesentery
• Autonomic nervous system