Sterol

Sterol is a type of lipid that is found in the cell membranes of plants, animals, and fungi. Sterols are essential for the proper functioning of these organisms, as they help to maintain the integrity and fluidity of their cell membranes.

Sterols are also involved in the production of certain hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone, which are produced by the adrenal glands. In addition, sterols are used in the production of bile acids, which are necessary for the digestion of dietary fats.

There are several different types of sterols, including cholesterol, which is the most well-known. Cholesterol is found in all animal cells and is an essential component of the cell membrane. It is also used in the production of vitamin D and certain hormones.

Other types of sterols include ergosterol, which is found in fungi, and phytosterol, which is found in plants. These sterols have similar functions to cholesterol, but are not produced by the human body and must be obtained through the diet.

Sterols are produced in the body through a complex process known as the mevalonate pathway. This pathway involves a series of chemical reactions that convert acetyl-CoA into sterols. The process is regulated by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is the target of certain cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins.

Excessive levels of sterols, particularly cholesterol, can lead to health problems such as atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries. This can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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  Sterol

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  Steran num ABCD