Steroid-induced osteoporosis

Steroid-induced osteoporosis
Synonyms	Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bone fracture, Back pain, Loss of height
Complications	Fracture, Kyphosis
Onset	After prolonged use of glucocorticoids
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Long-term use of glucocorticoids
Risks	High-dose glucocorticoid therapy, postmenopausal women, elderly
Diagnosis	Bone mineral density test, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Differential diagnosis	Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Hyperparathyroidism
Prevention	Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates
Treatment	Bisphosphonates, Teriparatide, Denosumab
Medication	Alendronate, Risedronate, Zoledronic acid
Prognosis	Variable, depends on management and reduction of glucocorticoid use
Frequency	Common in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy
Deaths	N/A

Steroid-induced osteoporosis is a form of osteoporosis which is caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids, also known as steroids. This condition is characterized by a decrease in bone density, which can lead to an increased risk of bone fractures.

Causes

Steroid-induced osteoporosis can occur as a side effect of long-term treatment with glucocorticoids. These medications are often used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and asthma. The risk of developing this condition increases with the duration of glucocorticoid use and the dosage taken.

Symptoms

The symptoms of steroid-induced osteoporosis are similar to those of other forms of osteoporosis. They can include:

• Back pain
• Loss of height over time
• A stooped posture
• An increased risk of bone fractures, especially in the spine, hip, and wrist

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of steroid-induced osteoporosis is typically made based on a combination of a patient's medical history, physical examination, and bone density testing. The most commonly used test is a type of X-ray known as a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan.

Treatment

The treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis typically involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. Medications can include bisphosphonates, which help to slow the rate of bone loss, and calcium and vitamin D supplements, which can help to strengthen the bones. Lifestyle changes can include regular weight-bearing exercise and a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.

Prevention

Prevention of steroid-induced osteoporosis can involve minimizing the use of glucocorticoids when possible, taking the lowest effective dose, and using other medications to control inflammation. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can also help to maintain bone health.

See also

• Osteoporosis
• Glucocorticoids
• Bone density
• Bone fracture