Spinalonga

Spinalonga (Greek: Σπιναλόγκα), officially known as Kalydon (Greek: Καλυδών), is a small island located in the Gulf of Elounda in northeastern Crete, in the Lasithi region of Greece. The island is known for its Venetian fortress, its role as a leper colony during the first half of the 20th century, and its picturesque landscapes, making it a popular tourist destination.

History

The island's history dates back to antiquity when it was used to protect the ancient city of Olous. The name Spinalonga is of Venetian origin, meaning "long thorn", and reflects the period of Venetian occupation. The Venetians constructed a formidable fortress on the island in the 16th century to defend the coast from Turkish invasion. The fortress is one of the best-preserved Venetian fortifications in Greece.

In 1715, Spinalonga fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire, and a significant Muslim population lived on the island until the late 19th century. In 1903, Spinalonga was established as a leper colony, one of the last active leper colonies in Europe, which remained operational until 1957. The island's isolation and the stigma associated with leprosy created a unique community of patients who were forced to live apart from the mainland society.

Geography

Spinalonga is located near the town of Elounda and opposite the village of Plaka. The island is accessible by a short boat trip from either of these locations. Its arid landscape is characterized by rugged terrain, with a mix of pebble beaches and steep cliffs.

Cultural Significance

The island's history as a leper colony, combined with its Venetian architecture, has made Spinalonga the subject of numerous books, television series, and documentaries. It is a symbol of human resilience and has been declared a protected archaeological site. Efforts are ongoing to include Spinalonga in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Tourism

Today, Spinalonga is a major tourist attraction in Crete. Visitors are drawn to its historical sites, including the well-preserved fortress, the leper colony buildings, and the small church of Saint George. Guided tours provide insights into the island's past, focusing on the lives of its inhabitants during its time as a leper colony.

In Popular Culture

Spinalonga has been the setting for several novels, including "The Island" by Victoria Hislop, which brought international attention to the island's history. The novel has been adapted into a television series in Greece, further increasing interest in Spinalonga.

See Also

• Leper colony
• Venetian fortifications
• Crete
• Elounda

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