Specific social phobia

Specific social phobia is a type of social phobia that is characterized by an intense fear of one or more specific social situations. Unlike generalized social phobia, which involves a fear of most or all social situations, specific social phobia is limited to certain situations that the individual finds particularly distressing.

Definition

Specific social phobia is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way (or show anxiety symptoms) that will be humiliating or embarrassing.

Symptoms

The symptoms of specific social phobia can vary widely from person to person, but they generally include intense anxiety in the feared situation, avoidance of the feared situation, and physical symptoms of anxiety such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty speaking. These symptoms can be severe and may significantly interfere with the individual's daily routine, occupational (academic) functioning, or social life.

Causes

The exact cause of specific social phobia is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that people with specific social phobia may have a genetic predisposition to anxiety, which is triggered by a traumatic or stressful event. Other factors that may contribute to the development of specific social phobia include a history of abuse or bullying, low self-esteem, and an overactive amygdala (the part of the brain that controls fear response).

Treatment

Treatment for specific social phobia typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective form of psychotherapy for treating specific social phobia. It helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns that lead to fear and anxiety. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines may also be used to help reduce symptoms.

See also

• Anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Agoraphobia