Spasticity

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Spasticity
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Muscle stiffness, muscle spasms, hypertonia
Complications	Contractures, pain, pressure sores
Onset	Any age, often after neurological injury
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury
Risks	Immobility, joint deformity
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment, physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Rigidity, dystonia, tremor
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, medication, surgery
Medication	Baclofen, tizanidine, diazepam, botulinum toxin
Prognosis	Variable, depends on underlying cause
Frequency	Common in neurological disorders
Deaths	N/A

Spasticity

Introduction

Spasticity is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness, which can interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort and pain. It results from an increase in the velocity-dependent muscle contractions, often due to neurological disorders.

Causes

Spasticity is commonly associated with damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It often appears in conditions such as:

• Cerebral palsy
• Multiple sclerosis
• Stroke
• Brain injury
• Spinal cord injury

Symptoms

Symptoms of spasticity may include:

• Increased muscle tone.
• Overactive reflexes.
• Involuntary muscle spasms.
• Difficulty with movement and coordination.
• Pain and discomfort.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spasticity involves a thorough neurological examination and assessment of muscle tone and strength. Healthcare providers may also use tools like the Modified Ashworth Scale to measure the severity of spasticity.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Options may include:

• Physical therapy and stretching exercises.
• Medications like muscle relaxants.
• Injections with botulinum toxin.
• Surgery in severe cases.

Impact on Daily Life

Spasticity can significantly impact a person's daily life, affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks, their mobility, and overall quality of life.

Recent Advances

Recent advances in treatment and management of spasticity include the development of new pharmacological treatments and improved rehabilitation techniques.

See Also

• Neurology
• Rehabilitation medicine
• Musculoskeletal system

External Links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
• American Association of Neurological Surgeons - Spasticity

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