Sensory overload

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Sensory overload
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Anxiety, irritability, confusion, fatigue, stress
Complications	Panic attacks, meltdowns, withdrawal
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Varies; can be temporary or persistent
Types	N/A
Causes	Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, PTSD, sensory processing disorder, environmental factors
Risks	Crowded environments, loud noises, bright lights, strong smells
Diagnosis	Clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Anxiety disorder, panic disorder, migraine
Prevention	Sensory diet, environmental modifications
Treatment	Occupational therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication
Medication	Anxiolytics, antidepressants
Prognosis	Varies; management can improve quality of life
Frequency	Common in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders
Deaths	N/A

Sensory Overload is a condition where one or more of the body's senses experiences over-stimulation from the environment. There are various causes of sensory overload, such as bright lights, loud noises, or the ongoing hustle and bustle of a crowded street. People with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and certain other neurodevelopmental disorders are particularly susceptible to experiencing sensory overload, although it can affect anyone.

Causes

Sensory overload occurs when one or more of the body's senses takes in more information than the brain can process. Common sources include urban environments, crowded places, loud concerts, and even multi-tasking with various digital devices. For individuals with sensory processing sensitivities, even everyday environments can cause an overload.

Symptoms

Symptoms of sensory overload can vary widely among individuals but often include feelings of anxiety, irritability, and restlessness. Physical symptoms might include headaches, increased heart rate, and nausea. In some cases, sensory overload can lead to a panic attack or a meltdown, particularly in children and adults with ASD.

Management

Managing sensory overload involves identifying triggers and implementing strategies to reduce exposure to these triggers. This might include using noise-canceling headphones in loud environments, reducing screen time, or practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques. For individuals with conditions like ASD, tailored therapies such as Occupational Therapy (OT) can help in developing coping strategies.

Prevention

Prevention of sensory overload primarily involves awareness of one's sensory limits and taking steps to avoid situations that are likely to cause overload. Planning ahead for potentially overwhelming situations and having a set of coping strategies can be beneficial. For example, individuals who are sensitive to crowded spaces might avoid peak hours when visiting public places.

See Also

• Sensory Processing Disorder
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Occupational Therapy

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