Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is a psychological concept that refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. It plays a crucial role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges. The concept was first introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura in the 1970s and has since become a central theory in social cognitive theory and self-regulation.

Definition

Self-efficacy is not about a person's abilities, but about their perception of what they can do with whatever skills they have. It is the belief that one can perform novel or difficult tasks, or cope with adversity -- in various domains of human functioning.

Theoretical Background

Self-efficacy theory was developed within the framework of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. Bandura defines self-efficacy as "the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations". It is the belief that one can perform novel or difficult tasks, or cope with adversity -- in various domains of human functioning.

Sources of Self-Efficacy

Bandura identifies four major sources of self-efficacy:

1. Mastery Experiences
2. Social Modeling
3. Social Persuasion
4. Psychological Responses

Effects of Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. Such beliefs produce these diverse effects through four major processes. They include cognitive, motivational, affective and selection processes.

Measurement

Several scales are available to measure self-efficacy. These include the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the New General Self-Efficacy Scale.

See Also

• Albert Bandura
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Self-regulation

References

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