Second messenger

Second Messenger

Second messengers are a group of molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface. They are part of the process of signal transduction in cells.

Pronunciation: /ˈsɛk(ə)nd ˈmɛsɪndʒər/

Etymology: The term "second messenger" was coined in the context of cell signaling in the 1960s. The "first messenger" is the extracellular signaling molecule (ligand) that binds to the receptor, and the "second messenger" is the intracellular molecule that is activated in response.

Function

Second messengers are used in many different cellular processes, including cell division, cell growth, and cell death. They are also involved in the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

Types of Second Messengers

There are several types of second messengers, including cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium ions (Ca2+).

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a second messenger that is involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

Cyclic GMP (cGMP)

Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a second messenger that is involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3)

Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3) is a second messenger that is involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

Diacylglycerol (DAG)

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a second messenger that is involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

Calcium Ions (Ca2+)

Calcium Ions (Ca2+) are second messengers that are involved in many different cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and cell migration.

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Second messenger