Rouleaux
Rouleaux (pronounced: roo-lohz) is a term used in hematology to describe a stack or roll of red blood cells (RBCs) that appear to be stacked like a roll of coins. This formation is typically due to changes in the plasma protein concentration, particularly during inflammatory responses.
Etymology
The term "Rouleaux" is derived from the French word "rouleau" which means roll. It was first used in the medical field in the 19th century to describe the unique formation of red blood cells under certain conditions.
Formation
Rouleaux formation occurs when the plasma protein concentration increases, particularly fibrinogen and globulins. This increase causes the red blood cells to stack together, forming a rouleaux. This can be seen in conditions such as multiple myeloma, inflammatory diseases, and infections.
Clinical significance
Rouleaux formation can increase the sedimentation rate of red blood cells, which is often used as a marker of inflammation in the body. It can also cause issues with blood flow, particularly in the small capillaries, as the rouleaux are larger than individual red blood cells.
Related terms
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): A test that indirectly measures the degree of inflammation present in the body. It is often elevated in conditions where rouleaux formation is present.
- Plasma protein: Proteins that are present in the blood plasma. They play a role in rouleaux formation.
- Fibrinogen: A plasma protein that is involved in blood clotting. It can cause rouleaux formation when its levels are increased.
- Globulins: A group of proteins in the blood plasma. They can cause rouleaux formation when their levels are increased.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Rouleaux
- Wikipedia's article - Rouleaux
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