Retrotransposition

Retrotransposition (pronounced: reh-troh-trans-poh-si-shun) is a biological process that involves the RNA-mediated duplication of genetic material and its insertion into new locations within the genome.

Etymology

The term "retrotransposition" is derived from the Latin retro meaning "backward" and the English transposition meaning "the act of changing place or position". This reflects the process where genetic material is copied and inserted back into the genome.

Process

Retrotransposition begins with the transcription of a retrotransposon from DNA to RNA. This RNA molecule is then reverse transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The resulting DNA molecule is integrated back into the genome at a new location by the enzyme integrase.

Types of Retrotransposons

There are two main types of retrotransposons involved in retrotransposition: Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) and Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs). Both LINEs and SINEs are capable of copying themselves and inserting these copies into new locations within the genome.

Significance

Retrotransposition plays a significant role in shaping the structure and function of genomes. It can lead to the creation of new genes, the alteration of existing genes, and the regulation of gene expression. However, uncontrolled retrotransposition can also lead to genetic disorders and diseases, including cancer.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Retrotransposition
Wikipedia's article - Retrotransposition

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Retrotransposition