Retractor

Retractor is a surgical instrument used to separate the edges of a surgical incision or wound, or to hold back underlying organs and tissues so that body parts under the incision may be accessed. The term retractor is also used to describe distinct, hand-cranked devices such as rib spreaders where the body remains under tension during surgery.

Types of Retractors

There are two main types of retractors: Hand Held Retractors and Self-Retaining Retractors.

Hand Held Retractors

Hand Held Retractors are held by an assistant, a robot or the surgeon during a procedure. Examples include the Senn Retractor and the Hohmann Retractor.

Self-Retaining Retractors

Self-Retaining Retractors are placed in the wound to hold the tissue apart during the surgery. Examples include the Gelpi Retractor and the Weitlaner Retractor.

Uses

Retractors are used in all surgical specialties. From Cardiothoracic Surgery to Orthopedic Surgery, retractors are essential in allowing the surgeon to clearly see and work on the area of interest.

History

The use of retractors dates back to the times of Hippocrates, who used simple retractors in his procedures. Over the centuries, the design and materials of retractors have evolved, with modern retractors being made of stainless steel or plastic.

See Also

• Surgical Instruments
• Surgical Procedures