Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Path Sanchalan Bhopal-1

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organization that is widely regarded as the parent organization of the ruling party of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Founded on 27 September 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a doctor in the city of Nagpur, the RSS is the world's largest voluntary organization. It has been described as almost a shadow state, influencing policies and the direction of the Indian government through its vast network of organizations, known as the Sangh Parivar.

History

The foundation of the RSS was laid by Hedgewar with the aim of promoting the idea of a unified Hindu nation. The organization drew inspiration from European right-wing groups during the 1920s and 1930s, advocating for a Hindu Rashtra (nation). Over the decades, the RSS has played a significant role in the political and social landscape of India, often courting controversy for its involvement in communal riots, most notably the 1992 Babri Masjid demolition.

Ideology and Goals

The core ideology of the RSS is based on the principle of Hindutva, or Hindu nationalism, which seeks to establish the hegemony of Hindus and the Hindu way of life. The organization promotes the idea of India as a Hindu Rashtra and advocates for the preservation of Hindu cultural heritage. The RSS also emphasizes social service and runs numerous schools, charities, and clubs throughout India.

Structure and Functioning

The RSS is structured hierarchically and operates through a network of local units called shakhas, which conduct daily meetings for physical and ideological training. The head of the RSS is known as the Sarsanghchalak, a position currently held by Mohan Bhagwat. The organization claims to be apolitical, although its affiliates, including the BJP, participate actively in the political arena.

Controversies and Criticism

The RSS has been criticized for its involvement in communal violence and has been banned three times in its history, the first time following the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, although no direct evidence was found linking the RSS to the assassination. Critics argue that its ideology promotes social and religious divisions within India.

Affiliates and Influence

The Sangh Parivar encompasses a range of organizations, including the BJP, the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), and the Bajrang Dal, which work towards the realization of the RSS's objectives. The influence of the RSS in Indian politics has grown significantly, especially with the BJP's rise to power.

Conclusion

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh remains a powerful and polarizing force in India, with its extensive network and ideological influence shaping the country's political and social fabric. While it has contributed to social welfare through its service initiatives, its vision for India continues to be a subject of intense debate and controversy.