Range of motion

Range of motion (ROM) is the measurement of the amount of movement around a specific joint or body part. It is a fundamental concept in the field of physical therapy, orthopedics, and sports medicine. The range of motion is typically measured using degrees and involves three types of movements: passive, active, and active-assistive.

Definition

The range of motion is defined as the full movement potential of a joint, usually its range of flexion and extension. For example, a knee might be able to flex to a maximum of 135 degrees.

Types of Range of Motion

There are three types of range of motion:

• Passive range of motion (PROM): This is the range of motion that is achieved by a therapist or examiner without the patient's assistance.
• Active range of motion (AROM): This is the range of motion that is achieved by a patient using their own muscle strength.
• Active-assistive range of motion (AAROM): This is the range of motion that is achieved by a patient with some assistance from a therapist or examiner.

Measurement

The range of motion is typically measured using a tool called a goniometer. The goniometer is placed over the joint to be measured and the patient is asked to move the joint through its full range of motion. The degrees of movement are then read off the goniometer.

Factors Affecting Range of Motion

Several factors can affect the range of motion of a joint, including:

• Age: As a person ages, their joints tend to lose some range of motion.
• Injury or disease: Injuries or diseases such as arthritis can limit the range of motion of a joint.
• Surgery: Surgery can sometimes improve the range of motion of a joint, but it can also sometimes limit it.
• Physical activity level: Regular physical activity can help to maintain or improve the range of motion of a joint.

See Also

• Physical therapy
• Orthopedics
• Sports medicine