Pyramidal cells

Pyramidal cells (pronunciation: /pɪˈræmɪdəl sɛlz/) are a type of neuron found in areas of the brain including the cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. They are named for their pyramid-like shape and are known for their long dendrites and smaller, branching axons.

Etymology

The term "pyramidal" comes from the Latin pyramis (pyramid) and the suffix -al (pertaining to), referring to the shape of these cells.

Structure

Pyramidal cells are characterized by a pyramid-shaped soma, or cell body, with the apex pointed towards the outer surface of the cortex. They have a single, long axon and multiple dendrites that extend from the base and apex of the cell. The dendrites are covered in small protrusions called dendritic spines, which increase the cell's receptive field and are the primary sites of synaptic input.

Function

Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the cortex. They are involved in a variety of cognitive functions, including learning and memory. Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, for example, are thought to play a crucial role in spatial navigation.

Related Terms

• Neuron
• Cortex
• Hippocampus
• Amygdala
• Dendrites
• Axons
• Synaptic
• Learning
• Memory

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Pyramidal cells
• Wikipedia's article - Pyramidal cells

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