Paronychia

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Paronychia
Paronychia affecting the finger
Synonyms	Perionychia, Whitlow
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Redness, swelling, pain around the nail
Complications	Abscess, cellulitis
Onset	Rapid (acute) or gradual (chronic)
Duration	Acute: days to weeks; Chronic: weeks to months
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, fungal infection, trauma
Risks	Nail biting, finger sucking, manicures
Diagnosis	Physical examination, culture
Differential diagnosis	Felon, herpetic whitlow, onychomycosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, antifungals, incision and drainage
Medication	Amoxicillin, clindamycin, fluconazole
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Paronychia is a common skin infection that occurs around the nails. It is typically caused by bacteria or yeast and affects either the proximal or lateral nail fold, or both. Paronychia, often referred to as a nail infection, involves inflammation of the nail folds, which are the ridges of skin around the nails. This condition can manifest in acute or chronic forms, depending on the duration and the cause of the infection.

Paronychia green discolor

Causes and Risk Factors

The most common causes of paronychia are bacterial and yeast infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial agent, while Candida is the most common yeast involved. Other possible pathogens include Streptococcus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Risk factors include activities or occupations that cause the hands to be wet for prolonged periods, such as dishwashing, bartending, or healthcare work. Trauma to the nail cuticle, such as from nail biting or manicures, can also predispose individuals to developing paronychia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of paronychia include redness, swelling, and tenderness around the nail. The affected area may also feel warm to the touch. Pain is typically present and can be severe in acute cases. A collection of pus may form under the skin, leading to the formation of an abscess.

Treatment

Treatment of paronychia depends on the severity and the type of the infection. For mild cases, warm soaks may help relieve symptoms. For more severe infections, incision and drainage of any abscesses may be needed. Antibiotics or antifungal medications may also be prescribed, depending on whether the cause is bacterial or yeast-based.

Prevention

Prevention strategies involve proper hand hygiene and avoiding prolonged moisture exposure. Avoiding trauma to the nail cuticle, such as from manicures or nail biting, can also prevent the development of paronychia.

See Also

• Nail disease
• Skin Infection
• Bacterial Infections
• Yeast Infections