Punnett square
Punnett Square
A Punnett Square (pronounced: /ˈpʌnɪt ˈskwɛər/) is a diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular genetic cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach in 1905.
Etymology
The term "Punnett square" is named after the British geneticist Reginald C. Punnett, who introduced the concept in 1905 to visualize the possible combinations of alleles in offspring.
Description
A Punnett square is a simple method for visualizing the possible combinations of alleles that could occur in offspring from a genetic cross. It is a square grid, usually made of four boxes, that shows the possible combinations of genotypes for a particular genetic trait.
Use
In genetics, Punnett squares are used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross and to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. They are a fundamental tool in genetic counseling and genetic testing.
Related Terms
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
- Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.
- Allele: One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
- Dominant allele: An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele.
- Recessive allele: An allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Punnett square
- Wikipedia's article - Punnett square
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