Propionic acid

Propionic acid (also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. It is a clear liquid with a pungent odor and is produced industrially on a large scale for use in various applications, including food preservation and the production of various materials.

Production

Propionic acid is produced industrially through the hydrocarboxylation of ethylene using nickel carbonyl as the catalyst: H2C=CH2 + H2O + CO → CH3CH2COOH It can also be formed by the bacterial fermentation of sugars or by the oxidation of propionaldehyde.

Applications

Propionic acid is used in a variety of applications. It is used as a preservative in food and feed, as it inhibits the growth of mold and some bacteria. It is also used in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and perfumes.

Health effects

Exposure to propionic acid can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.

See also

• Carboxylic acid
• Ethylene
• Fermentation
• Propionaldehyde

References

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  Industrial synthesis of propionic acid (hydrocarboxylation process)
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  Industrial synthesis of propionic acid (oxidation process)