Progressive vaccinia

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Progressive vaccinia
Synonyms	Vaccinia necrosum
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin lesion, necrosis, fever, malaise
Complications	Sepsis, organ failure
Onset	After smallpox vaccination
Duration	Chronic, progressive
Types	N/A
Causes	Vaccinia virus
Risks	Immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, cancer chemotherapy
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, biopsy, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Eczema vaccinatum, generalized vaccinia, smallpox
Prevention	Avoid vaccination in immunocompromised individuals
Treatment	Vaccinia immune globulin, antiviral drugs
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Poor without treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Progressive Vaccinia is a rare and severe complication that can occur following vaccination with the smallpox vaccine. It is also known as vaccinia necrosum, vaccinia gangrenosum or disseminated vaccinia. Progressive vaccinia is characterized by progressive necrosis and ultimately destruction of skin and underlying tissues at the site of vaccination.

Causes

Progressive vaccinia is caused by the vaccinia virus, which is used in the smallpox vaccine. It occurs in individuals with immune deficiencies, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing treatment for cancer, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of progressive vaccinia are similar to those of a normal smallpox vaccination reaction. However, instead of healing, the vaccination site continues to grow and spread, causing tissue damage and necrosis. Other symptoms may include fever, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of progressive vaccinia is based on the clinical presentation and history of recent smallpox vaccination. Laboratory tests, such as virus isolation and PCR, can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for progressive vaccinia includes supportive care and antiviral medications. The antiviral drug cidofovir has been used successfully in some cases. In addition, VIGIV (Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous) can be used to boost the immune response.

Prevention

Prevention of progressive vaccinia involves careful screening of individuals before smallpox vaccination to identify those with immune deficiencies. In addition, individuals with known immune deficiencies should avoid contact with recently vaccinated individuals.

See also

• Smallpox vaccine
• Vaccinia
• Vaccinia virus

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