Post-traumatic epilepsy

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Post-traumatic epilepsy
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Seizures, loss of consciousness, confusion, memory loss
Complications	N/A
Onset	Days to years after traumatic brain injury
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Traumatic brain injury
Risks	Severity of injury, penetrating head injury, intracranial hemorrhage
Diagnosis	EEG, neuroimaging
Differential diagnosis	Non-epileptic seizures, syncope, migraine
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antiepileptic drugs, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and response to treatment
Frequency	10-20% of traumatic brain injury cases
Deaths	N/A

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, TBI). This can be due to falls, car accidents, gunshots, sports injuries, and military combat. PTE is a chronic condition that can develop months or even years after a traumatic brain injury.

Causes

The exact cause of PTE is not known, but it is believed to be due to changes in the brain caused by the injury. This can include damage to the brain's neurons, changes in the brain's structure, or the formation of scar tissue. Some studies have suggested that the severity and location of the injury, as well as the patient's age and genetics, may also play a role in the development of PTE.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PTE are similar to those of other forms of epilepsy. They can include seizures, which can be characterized by a loss of consciousness, uncontrolled movements, and changes in behavior or sensation. Other symptoms can include memory problems, mood changes, and difficulty with concentration or attention.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of PTE is typically made based on the patient's history of traumatic brain injury and the presence of seizures. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan can be used to identify any structural changes in the brain that could be causing the seizures. In some cases, an electroencephalogram (EEG) may be used to monitor the brain's electrical activity and identify any abnormal patterns.

Treatment

The treatment for PTE typically involves the use of anti-seizure medications. These can help to control the seizures and prevent them from occurring. In some cases, surgery may be considered if the seizures are not controlled with medication. This can involve removing the area of the brain that is causing the seizures, or implanting a device to help control the brain's electrical activity.

Post-traumatic epilepsy images

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  EEG showing spike-wave discharges

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  3D model of Carbamazepine molecule

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  Portrait of Benjamin Winslow Dudley

See also

• Traumatic brain injury
• Epilepsy
• Seizure

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