Persistent fetal circulation

Persistent fetal circulation
Synonyms	Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cyanosis, tachypnea, respiratory distress
Complications	Hypoxemia, acidosis, heart failure
Onset	Neonatal period
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, sepsis, birth asphyxia
Risks	Premature birth, maternal diabetes, cesarean section
Diagnosis	Echocardiography, chest X-ray, blood gas analysis
Differential diagnosis	Congenital heart defect, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on underlying cause and response to treatment
Frequency	1-2 per 1000 live births
Deaths	N/A

Persistent fetal circulation (PFC), also known as Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN), is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that affects newborns. This condition occurs when a newborn's circulation system doesn't adapt to breathing outside the womb.

Overview

In the womb, babies receive oxygen through the placenta. However, after birth, the baby's lungs must take over this function. In some cases, the pressure in the lungs remains high after birth, which is abnormal. This high pressure can prevent the baby's body from getting enough oxygen, leading to PFC.

Causes

The exact cause of PFC is unknown, but it is often associated with certain conditions such as Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS), Diaphragmatic Hernia, and Sepsis. Other factors that may contribute to the development of PFC include maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy, such as Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).

Symptoms

Symptoms of PFC usually appear within the first few hours after birth. They may include rapid breathing, increased heart rate, bluish skin color (due to lack of oxygen), and difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PFC is typically made based on the baby's symptoms and physical examination. Additional tests may include a Chest X-ray, Echocardiogram, and Blood Gas Analysis.

Treatment

Treatment for PFC aims to increase the oxygen levels in the baby's blood. This may involve the use of supplemental oxygen, medication to lower the blood pressure in the lungs, and in severe cases, a procedure known as Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO).

Prognosis

The prognosis for babies with PFC varies. With early diagnosis and treatment, many babies can recover completely. However, some may experience long-term complications such as Pulmonary Hypertension, Hearing Loss, and Developmental Delays.

See Also

• Neonatology
• Pediatric Cardiology
• Pulmonary Hypertension