Peritoneal mesothelioma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Peritoneal mesothelioma
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, weight loss, nausea, vomiting
Complications	Bowel obstruction, ascites
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Asbestos exposure
Risks	Occupational exposure to asbestos, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Peritoneal carcinomatosis, tuberculosis, ovarian cancer
Prevention	Avoidance of asbestos exposure
Treatment	Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally poor, varies with stage and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that develops in the lining of the abdomen, known as the peritoneum. It is one of the types of mesothelioma, a disease associated with exposure to asbestos.

Causes

The primary cause of peritoneal mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral that was widely used in construction, shipbuilding, and other industries until the late 20th century. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or ingested, they can become lodged in the peritoneum, causing inflammation and scarring that can eventually lead to the development of cancerous cells.

Symptoms

The symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma can vary, but often include abdominal pain or swelling, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel habits. Because these symptoms are common to many other conditions, peritoneal mesothelioma is often difficult to diagnose.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans or MRIs, and biopsies. A definitive diagnosis can only be made through a biopsy, which involves the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for peritoneal mesothelioma typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In some cases, heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be used. This involves the direct application of heated chemotherapy drugs into the abdominal cavity following surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for peritoneal mesothelioma varies depending on a number of factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment. While peritoneal mesothelioma is generally considered incurable, treatments can often help to improve quality of life and extend survival.

See also

• Pleural mesothelioma
• Asbestos and the law
• Occupational lung disease

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