Perilymph fistula

Perilymph Fistula

Perilymph fistula (pronunciation: per-uh-limf fis-chuh-luh) is a medical condition that involves an abnormal opening (fistula) in the inner ear, which allows the perilymph fluid to leak into the middle ear. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms, including vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Etymology

The term "perilymph fistula" is derived from the Greek words "peri" (around), "lymph" (water), and "fistula" (pipe or tube). It refers to the leakage of fluid around the inner ear through an abnormal opening.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a perilymph fistula can vary greatly from person to person. They may include:

Vertigo: A sensation of feeling off balance, often described as a spinning sensation.
Tinnitus: A ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound in the ears.
Hearing loss: A decrease in the ability to hear sounds.
Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms are often associated with vertigo.
Imbalance: Difficulty with coordination and balance.

Causes

A perilymph fistula can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Head trauma: A blow to the head can cause damage to the inner ear, leading to a perilymph fistula.
Barotrauma: Changes in air or water pressure can cause damage to the inner ear.
Surgery: Certain types of ear surgery can lead to a perilymph fistula.
Congenital defects: Some people are born with abnormalities in the inner ear that can lead to a perilymph fistula.

Treatment

Treatment for a perilymph fistula typically involves surgery to repair the abnormal opening in the inner ear. Medications may also be used to manage symptoms such as vertigo and tinnitus.