Peptide hormone
Peptide Hormone
Peptide hormones (pronunciation: /ˈpepˌtīd ˈhôrˌmōn/) are a type of hormone that is secreted into the bloodstream by certain types of cells in the endocrine system.
Etymology
The term "peptide" is derived from the Greek word "πεπτός" (peptos), meaning "digested", and "hormone" comes from the Greek word "ὁρμή" (hormē), meaning "impetus" or "drive".
Function
Peptide hormones function as signaling molecules in the body, helping to regulate a variety of physiological processes. They bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular events that alter the behavior of the cell.
Types of Peptide Hormones
There are many different types of peptide hormones, including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Each of these hormones plays a unique role in the body's function and homeostasis.
- Insulin: This peptide hormone is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels.
- Glucagon: Also produced by the pancreas, glucagon works in opposition to insulin, raising blood sugar levels when they become too low.
- Growth Hormone: Produced by the pituitary gland, growth hormone stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): This hormone is produced in the pituitary gland and stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
Related Terms
- Hormone
- Endocrine system
- Receptor
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Growth hormone
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Pancreas
- Pituitary gland
- Adrenal glands
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Peptide hormone
- Wikipedia's article - Peptide hormone
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