Pasha

Ottoman tui 1877 romanian capture

Mustafa Kemal November 1918

ENPER PASHA WARMINISTER

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GhaziOsmanPasha

Giuseppe Donizetti

Title for a high-ranking official in the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim countries

Pasha (Arabic: باشا , Turkish: Paşa ) was a high-ranking title in the Ottoman Empire and other Muslim countries. The title was used to denote a person of high rank or office, often equivalent to the rank of a general or governor. The title was one of the highest in the Ottoman political and military system, second only to the Sultan.

Etymology

The origin of the word "Pasha" is uncertain. It is believed to have derived from the Persian word "pādshāh" (king, ruler) or from the Turkish word "baş" (head, chief). The title was used as a mark of respect and authority.

Historical Context

The title of Pasha was first used in the 14th century during the reign of Orhan, the second ruler of the Ottoman Empire. It became more prominent during the reign of Mehmed II, also known as Mehmed the Conqueror, who expanded the use of the title to include military commanders and provincial governors.

Roles and Responsibilities

Pashas held various roles within the Ottoman administrative and military systems. They could be appointed as:

• Beylerbey (provincial governor)
• Vizier (high-ranking political advisor)
• Kapudan Pasha (admiral of the navy)
• Serasker (commander-in-chief of the army)

Pashas were responsible for maintaining order, collecting taxes, and overseeing the administration of their respective regions. They also played crucial roles in military campaigns and were often involved in the Ottoman military hierarchy.

Notable Pashas

Several notable figures in Ottoman history held the title of Pasha, including:

• Sokollu Mehmed Pasha - Grand Vizier under three sultans
• Köprülü Mehmed Pasha - Founder of the Köprülü political dynasty
• Gazi Husrev-beg - Governor of Bosnia and a prominent military leader

Decline and Legacy

The use of the title Pasha declined with the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. However, it continued to be used in some countries, such as Egypt and Sudan, until the mid-20th century. Today, the title is mostly of historical significance and is used in a cultural context to refer to individuals of high status or respect.

Related Titles

• Bey
• Agha
• Emir
• Sultan

See Also

• Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman military ranks
• Ottoman administration
• List of Ottoman titles and appellations

Template:Islamic military ranks

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