Orf (disease)

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Orf
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin lesions, itching, pain
Complications	Secondary infection
Onset	3–7 days after exposure
Duration	3–6 weeks
Types	N/A
Causes	Orf virus
Risks	Handling infected sheep or goats
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Cutaneous anthrax, herpes simplex, pyoderma
Prevention	Protective clothing, hygiene
Treatment	Supportive care, antibiotics for secondary infection
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in sheep farming areas
Deaths	N/A

sheep_with_orf.jpg

Contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep and goats

Orf, also known as contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth, or contagious ecthyma, is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep and goats. It is caused by the Orf virus, a member of the Parapoxvirus genus. The disease is characterized by the formation of pustular lesions on the lips, muzzle, and in the mouth of affected animals.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of orf include:

• Lesions on the lips, muzzle, and in the mouth
• Swelling and redness around the affected areas
• Secondary bacterial infections may occur, leading to further complications

Transmission

Orf is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites. The virus can survive in the environment for extended periods, making it difficult to control outbreaks.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of orf is typically based on clinical signs and symptoms. Laboratory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation, can be used to confirm the presence of the orf virus.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for orf. Supportive care, including the use of antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections, is the primary approach to managing the disease. In severe cases, animals may require additional supportive measures, such as fluid therapy.

Prevention

Preventive measures for orf include:

• Maintaining good hygiene and biosecurity practices
• Isolating infected animals to prevent the spread of the virus
• Vaccination of susceptible animals, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic

Human Infection

Orf is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. Human infection typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated materials. In humans, orf presents as a localized skin lesion, usually on the hands or fingers.

See also

• Sheep
• Goat
• Parapoxvirus
• Zoonosis
• Veterinary medicine

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