One and a half syndrome

One and a Half Syndrome

One and a half syndrome (pronunciation: wʌn ænd ə hæf sɪndroʊm) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a combination of oculomotor nerve palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO).

Etymology

The term "one and a half syndrome" was first used in 1967 by Fisher, who described the condition in a patient with a brainstem lesion. The name reflects the combination of a complete horizontal gaze palsy in one direction (the "one") and an INO in the other direction (the "half").

Symptoms

The primary symptom of one and a half syndrome is a limitation in horizontal eye movement. This is due to a lesion in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) and the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which are responsible for horizontal gaze. Other symptoms may include nystagmus, diplopia, and vertigo.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of one and a half syndrome is primarily based on clinical examination, with the characteristic limitation in horizontal eye movement being a key finding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify the location and extent of the brainstem lesion.

Treatment

Treatment for one and a half syndrome is primarily supportive, as there is currently no cure for the condition. Therapy may include physical therapy to manage symptoms, and treatment of the underlying cause of the brainstem lesion.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on One and a half syndrome
Wikipedia's article - One and a half syndrome

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One and a half syndrome