Obelisk

France-000122 - Luxor Obelisk (14524589927)

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Hippodrome Oblisk

Obelisk is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top. These structures have been built by various civilizations throughout history, most notably the Ancient Egyptians, who used them as standalone monuments associated with the sun god Ra. Obelisks are also found in the architecture of the Ancient Romans, who were influenced by the Egyptians and transported several Egyptian obelisks to Rome.

History

The earliest obelisks were built in Ancient Egypt around 4,000 years ago. These structures were originally erected in pairs at the entrances of temples, serving as a symbolic representation of the sun god. The word "obelisk" as used in English today is of Greek origin, derived from the Greek word obeliskos, which means "small spit," a diminutive of obelos, meaning "roasting spit." This name reflects the shape of the monument.

Construction

The construction of an obelisk was a difficult process that required precise engineering and significant manpower. Ancient Egyptians carved obelisks from a single piece of stone, usually red granite from the quarries of Aswan. The stone was then transported, often over considerable distances, and erected using complex systems of ramps, ropes, and levers. The surfaces of obelisks were often inscribed with hieroglyphs that praised the ruler or commemorated their achievements.

Significance

Obelisks had a profound religious and ideological significance. They were thought to be petrified rays of the sun, symbolizing the pharaoh's divine nature and his or her ability to uphold Ma'at, the ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Additionally, obelisks served as monuments of political power and achievement, showcasing the ruler's ability to control the resources and labor necessary for their construction.

Distribution and Relocation

Many ancient obelisks have been relocated from their original sites. The Roman Empire was known for transporting obelisks from Egypt to Rome, where they were re-erected as symbols of the empire's power and its connection to the divine. In the modern era, European colonial powers and Egyptologists transported obelisks to locations such as Paris, London, and New York City, where they stand as symbols of cultural appreciation and exchange.

Modern Obelisks

In addition to ancient obelisks, many modern structures have been inspired by this form. These include the Washington Monument in the United States, the Buenos Aires Obelisk in Argentina, and the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, which incorporate the obelisk's iconic shape into their design. Modern obelisks often serve as memorials, monuments, or simply as artistic or architectural statements.

See Also

• List of obelisks in Rome
• Cleopatra's Needle
• Washington Monument

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