O Antiphons

O antienne Clavis

Set of medieval Latin liturgical texts sung during Advent

The O Antiphons are a series of medieval Latin liturgical texts that are traditionally sung or recited during the Advent season in the Western Christian liturgy. These antiphons are used at the Vespers service in the final days of Advent, from December 17 to December 23. Each antiphon is a name of Christ and refers to one of His attributes mentioned in the Bible.

Structure and Content

The O Antiphons are notable for their structure and poetic form. Each antiphon begins with the exclamation "O" followed by a title of Christ, and a plea for His coming. The titles are:

• O Sapientia (O Wisdom)
• O Adonai (O Lord)
• O Radix Jesse (O Root of Jesse)
• O Clavis David (O Key of David)
• O Oriens (O Dayspring)
• O Rex Gentium (O King of the Nations)
• O Emmanuel (O God with Us)

Each antiphon is followed by a specific petition that reflects the title used.

Historical Context

The exact origin of the O Antiphons is not known, but they have been part of the Christian liturgical tradition since at least the 8th century. They are believed to have been composed by monastic communities and were later incorporated into the Roman Rite.

Liturgical Use

In the Roman Catholic Church, the O Antiphons are chanted during the Liturgy of the Hours at Vespers. They are also used in the Anglican Communion and some Lutheran traditions. The antiphons are typically sung before and after the Magnificat during Vespers.

Theological Significance

Each of the O Antiphons reflects a different aspect of the Messianic prophecies and the coming of Christ. They are deeply rooted in Scripture and are a rich source of theology and spirituality for the Advent season.

Musical Settings

The O Antiphons have been set to music by various composers throughout history. One of the most famous musical adaptations is the hymn "O Come, O Come, Emmanuel," which is based on the themes of the O Antiphons.

See Also

• Advent
• Vespers
• Magnificat
• Roman Rite
• Liturgy of the Hours
• Christian liturgy

External Links

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